Mining activities in mega-diverse countries pose significant challenges to critical biodiversity attributes, such as habitats, plants, and cave troglobites. The lack of specific environmental legislation that regulates mitigation hierarchy, no net loss, and translocation practices further aggravates the situation. Unlike countries as Canada, USA, Australia, England and France, which have established recognized guidelines and protocols for mitigation translocation, Brazil lacks a comprehensive framework, relying instead on individual environmental agency reports. In a recent attempt to translocate endemic species, Vale´s faced environmental restricts imposed by the environmental agency due to the lack of explicit regulatory policies. Here, we report mitigation translocation challenges in iron ore mining operations by Vale S.A. in the Brazilian Amazon. Efforts have been implemented aiming at rescuing and reintroducing endangered plant species affected by ongoing mining operations. However, compliance with environmental conditions set forth by regulatory frameworks alone does not guarantee successful conservation outcomes, as proved by the environmental conditions’ compliance reports. This study focuses on case studies of five endemic plant species associated with iron rock outcrops, where a comprehensive approach has been adopted, encompassing ecological, demographic and propagation studies, to better inform experimental mitigation translocations. Our results show that the anticipation of ecological practices improves the effectiveness of mitigation translocation projects, highlighting the need for a more robust and comprehensive regulatory framework regarding mitigation hierarchy and translocation practices in Brazil. Ultimately, the goal is to ensure the long-term conservation of biodiversity in the face of mining operations' negative impacts.