Biocultural systems of relationships--interconnections between culture, language, and biodiversity--sustain Indigenous communities and lands across the globe. These relationships produce, encode, and perpetuate knowledge and practices that maintain human and ecological resilience. Vanuatu, a country rich in biocultural relationships, is also one of the world’s most at-risk countries from natural disasters. Additionally, these threats intersect with the related issues of language endangerment and globalization, which contribute to the widespread worry within Vanuatu about ongoing knowledge loss. In Tafea, Vanuatu's southernmost province, our collaborative and transdisciplinary ethnobotanical research program is addressing this gap by determining the local biocultural relationships that directly contribute to resilience. We began by conducting a set of hyper-local, specimen-based ethnobotanical interviews with experts across Tafea. Through these interviews, we were able to identify broader categories of knowledge shared across the region. We followed up on the first interviews by conducting semi-structured interviews with local experts, discussing the specimen-based knowledge in more detail. We identified calendar plants, topographical time-reckoning, wind lore, and weather magic as categories of knowledge in which local conceptions of time contribute to resilience. Our interviews also revealed that garden topography, disaster foodways, architecture, and forest management contribute to resilience through spatial knowledge. The distinction between time- and space-based resilience strategies often overlap significantly, and together produce a robust system for protecting people and place. These categories of knowledge are applied directly as a means of disaster prevention, food security, health planning, and conservation, making them critically important as the compounding threats of the climate and biodiversity crises continue.