Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica) migrate to Southeast Asia after completing their breeding season in East Asia. In northern Laos, people have traditionally hunted swallows for generations. This study examines the ecological and social characteristics of large-scale swallow hunting in northern Laos. From September 17 to October 28, 2024, a behavioral survey of hunting activities was conducted at hunting grounds in two research areas. The author visited each site hourly from 6:00 a.m. until the last villagers finished hunting, interviewed hunters about the start and end times of their activities, and counted the number of swallows captured at the end of each day. The study found that 4,027 swallows were hunted over 33 days in the limited study areas. When the rice harvest season began, hunting activities decreased as villagers prioritized agricultural work, leading to a decline in both the number of hunters and the total catch. It was also observed that villagers frequently exchanged information about swallow migration and hunting results to enhance their efficiency. This study demonstrates that swallow hunting is deeply integrated with the seasonal rhythms and social structures of rice-farming communities. Swallow hunting represents a rational subsistence strategy shaped by two seasonal factors: the ecological behavior of migratory swallows and the agricultural calendar of rice cultivation.