This research investigates the interplay between traditional beliefs, spirituality, and conservation practices among the Diola community in the mangrove ecosystems of Casamance, Senegal. Through a mixed methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis, the study reveals the significant influence of indigenous spiritual frameworks on environmental stewardship. Traditional practices, such as the reverence for totem animals and the observance of sacred sites, are shown to contribute effectively to biodiversity conservation. The quantitative findings indicate a strong correlation between adherence to these traditions and positive conservation behaviors, suggesting that integrating indigenous knowledge into contemporary conservation strategies can enhance ecological sustainability. The study also engages with philosophical perspectives on subject-object dualism to emphasize how indigenous worldviews that see humans and nature as deeply intertwined offer valuable insights for conservation. The research also highlights the challenges posed by modern influences, which threaten the erosion of traditional knowledge, and critiques the limitations of conventional conservation models that often overlook the cultural and spiritual dimensions of ecosystem management. By advocating for a socio-ecological systems approach that embraces value pluralism and recognizes the importance of spiritual and cultural practices, this research offers a pathway towards more inclusive, resilient, and ethically sound conservation efforts.