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Biocultural Knowledge and Tending Practices of Hala (Pandanus tectorius) Across the Hawaiian Islands

Tracks
Kuranda Ballroom
Tuesday, July 28, 2026
1:30 PM - 1:45 PM

Speaker

Mrs Makanamaikalani Larger
graduate student
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Biocultural Knowledge and Tending Practices of Hala (Pandanus tectorius) Across the Hawaiian Islands

ISE Congress 2026 Abstract

Hala (Pandanus tectorius) forests once thrived along Hawaiʻi’s coasts, offering vital ecosystem services and sustaining Kānaka Maoli cultural practices. Today, these forests face threats from climate change, invasive species, and the loss of intergenerational practice. This research centers the voices of cultural practitioners from Kauaʻi, Maui, and Oʻahu to explore how traditional and contemporary tending practices sustain hala health and cultural continuity. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 13 hala cultural practitioners. These revealed five recurring themes: (1) tending and gathering as inseparable acts of kilo (deep observation); (2) restricted access to groves and declining abundance; (3) decreasing lau (leaf) and ʻahuihala (fruit) quality linked to storms, pests, and ecological imbalance; (4) urgency to teach keiki (children) and ʻōpio (youth) through hands-on learning; and (5) visions for restoration rooted in genealogy and reciprocity. Practitioners also identified hala scale as a widespread threat affecting both ecology and craft. Observations at former grove sites, such as Kekele on Oʻahu, highlight ecological shifts and challenges in accessing materials for ulana lauhala (weaving) and lei hala (garlands). Grounded in Indigenous and local knowledge, this project honors heritage while fostering innovation in community-led conservation, contributing to global conversations on Indigenous stewardship and the regeneration of biocultural landscapes.

Biography

Makanamaikalani Larger, from Waimānalo, Oʻahu, is a Native Hawaiian woman and Master’s student in Botany at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. She holds a BS in Botany with a minor in ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language). Her research centers on biocultural restoration, integrating Indigenous knowledge with Western science to enhance the conservation of Native Hawaiian plants.
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